Glossary

Explore the definition of social and cultural terminology as well as substance use and mental health terms and disorders from A to Z

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Bottom Surgery

Bottom surgery is a type of gender-affirming surgery that augments the shape and function of the genitals. Bottom surgery is often requested by transgender people to align their bodies with their gender identities. It can also be requested as a medical procedure to reconstruct damaged genitals using surrounding tissue.

There are many types of bottom surgeries, but three are most often referred to: vaginoplasty for people assigned-male-at-birth (AMAB) and metoidioplasty or phalloplasty for people assigned-female-at-birth (AFAB). Vaginoplasty involves the construction of a vagina by repurposing existing penile tissue. Metoidoplasty is the freeing of the clitoris from surrounding tissue to create a penis, and phalloplasty is the construction of a penis from skin grafts taken from other parts of the body, like the arms or thighs.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder which involves extreme sessions of overeating, or binging, followed by purposeful expulsion to avoid gaining weight, or purging. People with bulimia often feel shame and disgust towards their binge eating habits, leading to them hiding their binges from others. On top of this, many people with bulimia maintain a normal body weight, which makes it difficult to notice the disorder in others. The disorder also affects how someone views their own body, causing them to justify their own purging. 

There are two types of bulimia nervosa: purging and non-purging. Purging can include vomiting, laxative overuse, or any other methods of forcibly removing food from one’s body. Non-purging bulimia involves fasting or excessive exercise for the sake of weight loss. Pushing past one’s physical limits in this manner can be very dangerous as it can lead to dizziness, fainting, nausea and even heart failure. Seeking treatment for bulimia is recommended, as both types are potentially life-threatening.

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